Navy – A

ABBOTT, GORDON
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Gordon Abbott, Commander, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Minesweeper U.S.S. DEFENSE (AM-317), during operations off the coast of Okinawa on 6 April 1945. When three enemy suicide planes made a simultaneous attack on his ship, one was shot down but damaging hits were made by the other two. Despite the continuing air attack, Commander Abbott skillfully maneuvered his ship and picked up and gave medical aid to fifty survivors of a more seriously damaged ship. Then, by expert seamanship, he took in tow of the badly damaged and disabled U.S.S. LEUTZE and towed her to safety. His gallantry and determination in action were outstanding and his conduct was at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 104 (May 18, 1929)
Born: at Manchester, Massachusetts
Home Town: Manchester, Massachusetts

*ABBOTT, WILLIAM EDWIN (MIA-KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to William Edwin Abbott (7550232), Aviation Machinist's Mate Third Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as a Member of the Crew of a Navy Patrol Plane in Patrol-Bombing Squadron ONE HUNDRED FOUR (VPB-104). On 12 December 1944, Aviation Machinist's Mate Third Class Abbott, as first mechanic on a Navy Liberator on armed combat patrol, penetrating a thousand miles into enemy territory over northwest Borneo, salvaged enough fuel from a gas line tank pierced by savage enemy fire, to enable his plane to return to its base. In so doing he braved intense fumes, until unconscious, he fell to his death. He thereby sacrificed his life for those of his fellow crew members. His action showed undaunted courage, fierce tenacity, an absolute disregard for personal safety and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
VPB-104 File P15 MM: Serial 051 (December 22, 1944)
Born: June 29, 1925 at St. Joseph, Missouri
Home Town: Peoria, Illinois

ABEL, BRENT MAXWELL
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Brent Maxwell Abel, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer Escort U.S.S. BUCKLEY (DE-51), in offensive action against a German submarine during while patrolling the Atlantic Coast on the early morning of 6 May 1944. Lieutenant Commander Abel expertly directed his command and made an undetected, high-speed approach in bright moonlight to a surfaced German U-boat. With skilled seamanship, he silenced its guns within four minutes after contact, despite a heavy barrage of enemy torpedo and automatic weapon fire. Narrowly escaping another torpedo, he then closed on the wildly maneuvering submarine, raked it with all available fire and rammed, with the enemy attempting to board the vessel in retaliation. Withstanding the desperate attacks of the enemy ship, which tried to ram after the combatants became disengaged, he persistently held to his target until the submarine, with its conning tower shattered and burning fiercely, all hatches open, abandoned by its crew and completely out of control, disappeared beneath the surface of the water and exploded. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 345 (December 1945)
Born: May 16, 1916 at Washington, D.C.
Home Town: Scarsdale, New York

*ABELE, MANNERT LINCOLN (MIA-KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Mannert Lincoln Abele (0-060162), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. GRUNION (SS-216), during its FIRST War Patrol, in Alaskan Waters. Lieutenant Commander Abele conducted an aggressive and successful submarine war patrol from 30 June 1942 to 24 July 1942. He pressed home all attacks in such a skillful and resolute manner that he attacked and sank in one day, three enemy destroyers of the Towlekju Class. Despite severe anti-submarine measures, Lieutenant Commander Abele brought his ship safely through these counter attacks but was subsequently lost from an unknown cause. His courage and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 25 (November 23, 1942)
Born: July 11, 1903 at Quincy, Massachusetts
Home Town: Newton Highlands, Massachusetts

ABERCROMBIE, LAURENCE ALLEN
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Laurence Allen Abercrombie (0-56922), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. DRAYTON (DD-366), during operations in the Far East on 24 December 1941 Commander Abercrombie skillfully directed his vessel in an engagement which resulted in the destruction of an enemy vessel. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.

ABERCROMBIE, LAURENCE ALLEN
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Laurence Allen Abercrombie (0-56922), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as the Commanding Officer of Destroyer Division NINE, which engaged Japanese naval forces in a daring daylight raid on the enemy patrol line south of the Gilbert Islands on 22 October 1942. Commander Abercrombie skillfully maneuvered his division, exercising such brilliant tactical judgment that heavy damage was inflicted upon the enemy. Two enemy vessels were sunk by the gunfire of his force, and repeated air attacks were repelled without damage to the ships or crews under his command. Through his leadership this bold mission was brought to a highly successful conclusion. His courageous conduct was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.

ABERCROMBIE, LAURENCE ALLEN
(Third Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Second Gold Star in lieu of a Third Award of the Navy Cross to Laurence Allen Abercrombie (0-56922), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. DRAYTON (DD-366), as Screen Commander of a Task Force unit during action against Japanese aerial forces in the Solomon Islands area on 17 February 1943. By the accurate and timely warning given by the ships under his command, Commander Abercrombie enabled the task unit commander to dispose his transports and destroyers for the most effective action against hostile Torpedo Planes. Despite the difficulties and hazards of a night engagement during which five Japanese planes were destroyed, Commander Abercrombie brought his forces through without casualty or damage. Commander Abercrombie's inspiring leadership and the valiant devotion to duty of his command contributed in large measure to the outstanding success of these vital missions and reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 316 (July 1943)
Born: October 11, 1897 at Lawrence, Massachusetts
Home Town: Lawrence, Massachusetts
Personal Awards: 3@ Navy Crosses (WWII)

*ABERCROMBIE, WILLIAM WARNER (MIA-KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to William Warner Abercrombie (0-098514), Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane of Torpedo Squadron EIGHT (VT-8), embarked from the U.S.S. HORNET (CV-8), during the "Air Battle of Midway," against enemy Japanese forces on 4 June 1942. Grimly aware of the hazardous consequences of flying without fighter protection, and with insufficient fuel to return to his carrier, Ensign Abercrombie, resolutely, and with no thought of his own life, delivered an effective torpedo attached against violent assaults of enemy Japanese aircraft and against an almost solid barrage of antiaircraft fire. His courageous action, carried out with a gallant spirit of self-sacrifice and a conscientious devotion to the fulfillment of his mission, was a determining factor in the defeat of the enemy forces and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Born: July 24, 1914 at Medford, Oregon
Home Town: Merriam, Kansas

ABERNATHY, LOUIS MARTIN
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Louis Martin Abernathy (0-320697), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron SIX (VT-6), embarked from the U.S.S. HANCOCK (CV-19), in the attack on major units of the Japanese fleet in Kure Harbor, Japan, consisting of battleships, carriers and heavy cruisers, on 24 July 1945. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Abernathy skillfully and courageously piloted his aircraft in a bombing attack against a battleship-carrier despite intense anti-aircraft fire, and scored a direct hit with his bomb which contributed materially to the major damage inflicted on the ship. His skill and courage were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 2d Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0207 (September 1, 1945)
Home Town: Crystal City, Missouri

ABERNETHY, ELMER P.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Elmer P. Abernethy, Captain [then Commander], U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Fleet Oiler U.S.S. PECOS (AO-6), during the sinking of that vessel by Japanese air forces, off Christmas Island on 1 March 1942. Captain Abernethy put up a terrific fight against waves of dive bombers which swept down out of the sun. When the ship finally was overwhelmed and sinking, he calmly directed abandoning operations under a hail of fire from enemy fliers who kept circling the ship and strafing helpless survivors clinging to life rafts and floating debris. Captain Abernethy's conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 319 (October 1943)
Born: June 14, 1899 at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Home Town: Los Angeles, California

ACHOR, MERLIN F.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Merlin F. Achor (8405797), Pharmacist's Mate Second Class, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty while serving as a Medical Corpsman with a Marine Rifle Battalion of the FOURTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces on Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, on 24 February 1945. In an attempt to reach a Marine who had been wounded by enemy machine gun fire, Pharmacist's Mate Second Class Achor left his sheltered position and with utter disregard for his personal safety ran directly into the line of enemy fire. After advancing five yards he was hit by the enemy machine gun fire. Despite agonizing pain, he persisted in his attempt to reach the wounded man once again and was himself wounded, this time seriously. Weak from loss of blood and exhausted by his efforts to maintain his footing in the loose volcano sand, Pharmacist's Mate Second Class Achor finally reached the wounded Marine and then still under intense fire, administered life-saving first aid. Although he himself required immediate medical attention, Pharmacist's Mate Second Class Achor refused to leave the front lines until he had dragged his patient to safety and directed his evacuation to the battalion aid station. By his courage and efforts in behalf of others at great risk to his own life, Pharmacist's Mate Second Class Achor undoubtedly saved the life of a comrade, and his steadfast devotion to duty throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific: Serial 41851 (June 9, 1945)

*ACREE, LLOYD EDGAR (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Lloyd Edgar Acree (3563872), Aviation Ordnanceman Third Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty while serving on board the Heavy Cruiser U.S.S. SALT LAKE CITY (CA-25), during action against enemy Japanese naval forces off Savo Island during the Battle of Cape Esperance on the night of 11 - 12 October 1942. On that date Task Group 64.2, of which the U.S.S. SALT LAKE CITY was a unit, engaged a Japanese force of cruisers and destroyers. Aviation Ordnanceman Third Class Acree was a relief fuse pot loader on five-inch gun #1. During the action, he was struck by shell fragments in the arm and abdomen, causing him to fall to the deck. Despite his injuries, he continued to hold the shell and to protect the base and primer with his hand. Both the main arm and 5-inch batteries of the ship were firing at the same time, and a shell rolling loose on the deck would have constituted a serious hazard to personnel and might well have hampered the effectiveness of the forward five-inch battery. During the next lull, he was given first aid, but died shortly thereafter. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Letter (February 26, 1943), P15/(02): Serial 0319
Born: July 31, 1920 at Beggs, Oklahoma
Home Town: Tulsa, Oklahoma

ADAIR, ROBERT FLYN
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Robert Flyn Adair (0-283930), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane in Composite Squadron TWENTY (VC-20), embarked from the U.S.S. KADASHAN BAY (CVE-76), in action against enemy Japanese forces near Samar in the Philippine Islands during the Battle of Leyte Gulf on 25 October 1944. Lieutenant Adair, Division Leader of one of the Torpedo Plane divisions, was ordered to attack the battleship second in line of the three battleships which were leading the enemy van, and closing on the escort carrier group. After making an effort to coordinate his torpedo attack with strafing and bombing attacks with the other planes, and being unable to arrange for this, despite the intense anti-aircraft fire, which was directed at him and his wingman, Ensign Warren Kruck, he and Kruck made an unsupported attack on the battleship, which resulted in one torpedo hit on the port side, damaging the ship severely and causing it to turn away from the escort carrier group. In pulling out after the attack it was necessary for him to fly over the third battleship in the formation, and only by the most violent evasive maneuver was he able to avoid being shot down by the fire from the ship. His courage, aggressiveness, and cool disregard for danger were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Born: September 26, 1914 at Weaver, Alabama
Home Town: Cincinnati, Ohio

ADAMS, JOHN PAUL
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John Paul Adams (0-98683), Ensign, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Fighter Plane in Fighting Squadron THREE (VF-3), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against the Japanese on 4 and 8 May 1942. On 4 May, in company with three other fighter planes forming the escort group for our own Torpedo Planes in an attack on Tulagi Harbor, Ensign Adams made a strafing attack on an enemy gunboat and destroyer, in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire and caused serious damage to both enemy vessels. On 8 May, as member of the fighter escort group protecting our own Torpedo Planes making an attack on an enemy carrier in the Coral Sea, he engaged enemy planes attempting to intercept our attack group and thus assisted materially in the success of our attack which resulted in sinking or severe damaging of the enemy carrier. On his return to our own force he encountered and destroyed an enemy Torpedo Plane. Throughout these engagements Ensign Adams showed courage and aggressiveness without regard for personal safety. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 14 P15(1) (June 28, 1942)

ADAMS, JOHN PAUL
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to John Paul Adams (0-98683), Ensign, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Fighter Plane in Fighting Squadron THREE (VF-3), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), during the "Air Battle of Midway," against enemy Japanese forces on 4 June 1942. Ensign Adams was launched to defend the ship against an imminent attack by Japanese Torpedo Planes. The situation had already become so critical that he made his take-off from the carrier deck amidst the blasts of the ship's five-inch guns, which were directing their fire at the incoming enemy planes. With marked coolness and indomitable courage, Ensign Adams, immediately upon becoming airborne, pressed home attacks against two of the enemy planes, shooting down one in flames and damaging the other. His aggressive attacks on the enemy planes were skillfully executed despite the intense anti-aircraft fire from our ships. His courage, determination and utter disregard for personal safety were in keeping with the best traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 19, File P15(1) (July 20, 1942
Born: May 27, 1906 at Oakland, California
Home Town: White Cloud, Kansas
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII), Silver Star (WWII)

ADAMS, MARVIN EUGENE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Marvin Eugene Adams (0-291125), Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier- based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron TWENTY (VB-20), embarked from the U.S.S. ENTERPRISE (CV-6), while flying as Wingman on a reinforced search and attack mission on 24 October 1944, in waters west of the Central Philippines during the Battle for Leyte Gulf. An enemy task foci was sighted and Ensign Adams' division was assigned a battleship (MUSASHI), as a target. Pressing home his dive bombing attack in the face of an intense barrage of anti-aircraft fire of all calibers, he released his bombs at low altitude, with complete disregard for his personal safety, scoring direct hits which caused fires and serious damage to the ship. His courage and skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 035 (January 20, 1945)
Born: December 22, 1921 at Knoxville, Tennessee
Home Town: Knoxville, Tennessee

ADAMS, RUSSELL MAX
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Russell Max Adams (0-278220), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber, in action on 26 October 1944, during the Second Battle of the Philippine Sea. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Adams scored a confirmed direct hit on a Japanese battleship. The action was successfully carried out in the face of anti-aircraft fire from the enemy fleet and low cloud cover helped in removing a serious threat to our ground forces in the Philippine Islands. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Adams outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0533 (September 11, 1945)

*ADAMS, SAMUEL (MIA-KIA)
(First Award)
Synopsis:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Samuel Adams (0-074937), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier- based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron FIVE (VB-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese forces over enemy-controlled waters near New Guinea on 10 March 1942. Lieutenant Adams and his squadron inflicted severe damage on the enemy, with probable destruction of three hostile ships. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.

*ADAMS, SAMUEL (MIA-KIA)
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Samuel Adams (0-074937), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron FIVE (VB-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese forces at Tulagi Harbor on 4 May 1942, and in the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 and 8 May 1942. These attacks, vigorously and persistently pressed home in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, and on 8 May opposed also by enemy fighters, resulted in the sinking or damaging of at least eight enemy Japanese vessels at Tulagi and the sinking of one carrier and the sinking or severe damaging of another in the Coral Sea. Lieutenant Adams' conscientious devotion to duty and gallant self-command against formidable odds were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 2050 (May 8, 1942)

*ADAMS, SAMUEL (MIA-KIA)
(Third Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting a Second Gold Star in lieu of a Third Award of the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Samuel Adams (0-074937), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scouting Plane in Scouting Squadron FIVE (VS-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese during the Air Battle of Midway, June 4 - 6, 1942. Lieutenant Adams established contact with major enemy units and, in the face of fighter opposition, tenaciously, bravely and with no thought of personal safety, maintained his contact, drove off the fighters and sent complete contact and amplifying reports which later enabled our forces to attack the last remaining enemy aircraft carrier. His brave and gallant action contributed in a large degree to the glorious and decisive victory of our forces and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 18a P15(1), (July 18, 1942)
Born: April 10, 1912 at Northampton, Massachusetts
Home Town: Baltimore, Maryland
Personal Awards: 3@ Navy Crosses (WWII), Purple Heart

ADAMS, THOMAS BROOKS
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Thomas Brooks Adams (0-116374), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier- based Navy Torpedo Plane in Torpedo Squadron ELEVEN (VT-11), embarked from the U.S.S. HORNET (CV-12), during the Battle for Leyte Gulf in the Philippine Islands, on 25 October 1944. Assigned to attack enemy surface forces in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands, in the face of intense, accurate anti-aircraft fire, Lieutenant Adams pressed home his attack and scored two direct bomb hits upon an enemy light cruiser. Lieutenant Adams' outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty were at all times inspiring, and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 2d Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0576 (February 27, 1944)
Born: September 16, 1919 at Detroit, Michigan
Home Town: Detroit, Michigan

ADAMS, WILLIAM LEE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to William Lee Adams (0-125153), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber, in action on 20 June 1944, during attacks on the enemy fleet. The flight in which Lieutenant Adams participated dive bombed two large enemy aircraft carriers, probably sinking one of them and contributing to the sinking of the other, and also shot down two enemy fighters in the face of continuous heavy anti-aircraft fire and fighter opposition. The flight was further hazarded by the extreme range of the attack and the return to the carrier and landing of large groups of planes more than two hours after sunset. The attack was carried through to completion despite the knowledge that doing so jeopardized a safe return. Lieutenant Adams' courage, determination, and skill were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0362 (July 8, 1944)
Born: June 28, 1919 at Pettis County, Missouri
Home Town: Jacksonville, Florida

ADKINS, JAMES A.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to James A. Adkins (0-63364), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. COD (SS-224), during the FOURTH War Patrol of that submarine in the period 3 July to 25 August 1944, in waters in the area of Manila and in Flores and Molukka Seas. Lieutenant Commander Adkins handled his ship expertly and maneuvered into position from which to strike the enemy despite the presence of strong surface and air anti-submarine patrols. In numerous aggressive and well-planned attacks he succeeded inflicting important damage on enemy shipping, sinking three cargo vessels and a large loaded naval landing ship, and damaging a fourth cargo vessel. In all encounters he resolutely retrained the initiative and pursued the attacks regardless of enemy countermeasures. He skillfully avoided the attempts by enemy escort vessels to counterattack with depth charges, and brought his vessel safely back to port. His actions and conduct throughout were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Commander, 7th Fleet: Serial 03563 (December 24, 1944)
Personal Awards: Navy Cross (WWII), 2@ Silver Stars (WWII)

AGNEW, DWIGHT MERLE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Dwight Merle Agnew (0-60295), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. TREVER (DD-339), an escort ship, during operations in the Solomon Islands area. While engaged in these operations, Commander Agnew's ship was subjected to repeated air attacks. On 7, 8 and 9 August 1942, Commander Agnew's ship participated in the initial attack on Guadalcanal as a screening vessel for the transports and, while under fire, as a fire support and minesweeping vessel. With other vessels, his ship on numerous occasions acted as a screening and minesweeping vessel during the landing of supplies and reinforcements. From 23 to 25 October 1942, Commander Agnew, as Commander of a Task Unit again entered Solomon Island waters, carrying vitally needed material which was successfully unloaded at Tulagi on 25 October. While retiring his ships were attacked by a force of three Japanese destroyers. During the ensuing battle, he fought his ships with such brilliant success, that no considerable damage or loss of personnel resulted, while his vessels inflicted several hits on one enemy destroyer, setting it on fire. His skillful and seamanlike handling of his ships, and his determination and courage when opposed by a superior force, permitted the safe withdrawal of the ships under his command, after completion of their mission. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Area and Forces: Serial 482
Born: January 1, 1902 at Fredericktown, Ohio
Home Town: San Diego, California

AILES, JOHN W., III
Synopsis:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John W. Ailes, III, Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of this profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. CASSIN YOUNG (DD-793), in action off Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, on 12 April 1945. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.

AINSWORTH, WALDEN LEE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Walden Lee Ainsworth, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Task Force Commander, Task Group 36.1, in offensive action against enemy Japanese forces in the Kula Gulf, Solomon Islands, on 5 and 6 July 1943. Rear Admiral Ainsworth directed the bombardment of Japanese shore batteries in a successful cover for the landing of our ground troops. On the following day he led his force against 10 enemy vessels and, by timely and accurate fire, damaged every unit in the group. Rear Admiral Ainsworth's inspiring leadership and the valiant devotion to duty of his command contributed in large measure to the outstanding success of these vital missions and reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 323 (February 1944)
Born: November 10, 1886 at Minneapolis, Minnesota
Home Town: Wonalancet, New Hampshire

*AKERS, ALFRED HOWARD, JR. (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Alfred Howard Akers, Jr. (3377714), Electrician's Mate Third Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty in action against the enemy while serving on board the Destroyer U.S.S. REID (DD-369), in action against the enemy on 11 December 1944, in the Mindanao Sea in the Philippine Islands. Electrician's mate Third Class Akers demonstrated outstanding heroism and self- sacrifice in assisting a wounded shipmate escape from the U.S.S. REID, while she was afire and sinking as the result of an enemy air attack on 11 December 1944. Although the ship was literally ripped apart in the vicinity of his battle station, the steering motor room, and was already flooding through his escape hatch, Electricians Mate Third Class Akers forfeited his opportunity to escape in order to assist a wounded shipmate up through the hatch and into the clear. Within seconds the ship rolled over and sank. The gallant courage and spirit of self-sacrifice displayed by Electrician's Mate Third Class Akers exemplifies the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Born: February 15, 1924 at St. Louis, Missouri
Home Town: St. Louis, Missouri

ALDERMAN, JOHN CLEMENT
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John Clement Alderman (0-62002), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. McFARLAND (DD-237), while on special missions in the Solomon islands area during the period 8 August 1942 to 18 October 1942. On repeated occasions, Lieutenant Commander Alderman courageously entered the Solomon waters to assist in the task of protecting the valuable supply lanes to Guadalcanal, in support of our land and sea defenses of that island. With utter disregard for his own safety, he exposed himself to the ever-present danger of hostile air attacks. On one occasion, his ship was so damaged by enemy fire that it was almost lost. By his perseverance, determination and technical ability, he made the necessary repairs to his ship, under the most adverse conditions, so that she was able to continue in the service of her country. His heroic conduct was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Area and Forces: Serial 1148p (December 31, 1942)
Born: July 31, 1906 at Portland, Oregon
Home Town: Dayton, Oregon

ALDRICH, CHARLES WARREN
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Charles Warren Aldrich, Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of this profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. MASSEY (DD-778), during operations against the enemy in the Okinawa area from 2 May to 24 June 1945. During this period, his ship performed the vital and hazardous duty of Fighter Director ship on Radar Picket Station for a total of twenty-five days. Under constant threat of enemy attacks and subjected to almost continuous alerts, his heroic leadership maintained his crew at a high peak of efficiency. On 6 June 1945, the unit of which the MASSEY was part, was subjected to coordinated suicide attack by two large groups of planes. By his fearlessness, calmness, and tactical skill, Commander Aldrich was able to prevent any damage to the other ships of the unit by maneuvering around them and directing fire from his ship in such a manner that it materially aided in the destruction of eight of the attacking planes. His conduct and performance of duty were an inspiration to those under him and were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

*ALEXANDER, JAMES HERBERT, JR. (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to James Herbert Alexander, Jr., Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Commander of a Navy PBY Patrol Plane in Patrol-Bombing Squadron ONE HUNDRED THREE (VPB-103), during action against enemy German forces over the Bay of Biscay, on 4 September 1943. While conducting a highly dangerous antisubmarine patrol, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Alexander, under a vicious attack by six twin-engined fighters, maneuvered the bomber with such precise skill that his gunners were able to shoot down one hostile craft and cripple three others. Although his own plane was set afire in the vigorous air battle, her flying instruments rendered inoperative and her four engines badly damaged, he nevertheless carried on, despite a painful head wound, until he had evaded the remainder of the enemy and effected a safe landing at sea. Successfully abandoning the big flying boat, he and his crew rode out a severe storm in a rubber life raft before reaching land two days later. Lieutenant Alexander's outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 323 (February 1944)
Born: August 17, 1920 at Sioux City, Iowa
Home Town: Sioux City, Iowa

ALEXANDER, RALPH CLONTS
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Ralph Clonts Alexander, Captain, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Light Cruiser U.S.S. RENO (CL-96), in action with enemy forces from 14 to 24 October 1944. On 14 October in the vicinity of Formosa, during a heavy enemy Torpedo Plane attack on our forces, Captain Alexander fought his ship so effectively that she shot down six Torpedo Planes. During the Battle of Leyte Gulf in Philippine waters he maneuvered his ship so as to repel attacking enemy aircraft and destroyed at least two of them. During both actions Captain Alexander's calm determination and courage were a source of inspiration to his officers and his men. His inspiring leadership and the valiant devotion to duty of his command contributed in large measure to the outstanding success of these vital missions and reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 340 (July 1945)
Born: September 14, 1897 at Campbell, Texas
Home Town: Washington, D.C.

ALEXANDER, SAMUEL HUGH
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Samuel Hugh Alexander, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Officer in Charge of the U.S.S. LST THREE HUNDRED THIRTEEN (LST-313), during the amphibious assault on the Island of Sicily on 10 July 1943. After beaching his ship at the assigned point near Gela, Lieutenant Alexander was disembarking assault troops and vehicles when enemy aircraft bombed his vessel, setting fire to the cargo of ammunition, land mines, and other inflammable material loaded in trucks. With great courage, he skillfully directed the fighting of the blaze and the rescue and transfer of all survivors, many of whom had been severely burned and injured from the terrific explosion. By his prompt and gallant action, Lieutenant Alexander temporarily checked the spreading of the fire and saved the lives of many of the embarked personnel who otherwise might have been lost. Lieutenant Alexander's inspiring leadership and the valiant devotion to duty of his command contributed in large measure to the outstanding success of these vital missions and reflect great credit upon the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 327 (June 1944)
Born: May 1, 1914 at Winton, California
Home Town: Winton, California

ALLEN, AUGUSTUS T., JR.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Augustus T. Allen, Jr., Lieutenant [then Ensign], U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Naval Gunfire Liaison Officer, Amphibious Force, Atlantic Fleet, during the attack on the Island of Sicily, 10 to 13 July 1943. In command of a shore fire control party of the 45th Infantry Division, United States Army, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Allen landed with the initial assault waves and, despite terrific opposition, courageously maintained position in the front lines and directed supporting gunfire upon enemy machine guns and troop concentrations, frequently advancing beyond friendly front lines in order to observe enemy positions. When hostile tanks threatened to encircle his battalion, he controlled the fire of his guns with devastating accuracy, scoring four direct hits and repulsing the attack. By his outstanding ability and excellent judgment, he assisted materially in overcoming enemy resistance and in capturing the town of Biscari with its strategic airfield. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Born: May 26, 1918 at Raleigh, North Carolina
Home Town: Raleigh, North Carolina

*ALLEN, EDWARD HENRY (MIA-KIA)
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Edward Henry Allen (0-070223), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier- based Navy Scouting Plane in Scouting Squadron TWO (VS-2), embarked from the U.S.S. LEXINGTON (CV-2), in action against enemy forces in the Pacific War Area when his ship was attacked by eighteen Japanese bombing planes on 20 February 1942. Lieutenant Allen engaged one of the enemy, and by skillful maneuvering, enabled his rear seat observer to shoot the enemy bomber down with one burst from his .30 caliber free machine gun. Lieutenant Allen's outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 317 (August 1943)

*ALLEN, EDWARD HENRY (MIA-KIA)
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Edward Henry Allen (0-070223), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scouting Plane and Executive Officer of Scouting Squadron TWO (VS-2), embarked from the U.S.S. LEXINGTON (CV-2), in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Air Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May 1942. In the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire and fighter opposition, Lieutenant Allen led his division in a bold and persistent dive-bombing attack upon an enemy aircraft carrier, which contributed materially to the destruction of that vessel. His courageous conduct throughout this engagement was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Born: March 2, 1908 at Pekin, North Dakota
Home Town: Pekin, North Dakota
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII), Purple Heart

ALLEN, JAMES W.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to James W. Allen (3130647), Hospital Apprentice First Class, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty while serving as a Medical Corpsman with the FOURTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces at Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands, on 22 February 1945. At all times when his battalion was in the assault, Hospital Apprentice First Class Allen was outstanding for his utter fearlessness in exposing himself to particularly heavy enemy artillery, mortar and small arms fire, to render first aid to wounded men. On 22 February, with complete disregard for his own safety, he ran fifty yards across an area swept by heavy machine gun fire to drag a badly wounded man out of a flaming tank which had just been immobilized by enemy anti-tank fire. Carrying the wounded man to the lee of the tank, Hospital Apprentice First Class Allen performed an arduous major operation unassisted. Then, in spite of the heavy enemy fire and grave danger of the tank exploding, he was able to drag the man to a defiladed area and to effect his evacuation. As a result of his outstanding heroism and keen devotion to duty, the life of this Marine was saved. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific: Serial 54919 (July 20, 1945)

ALLEN, RUSSELL BOWES
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Russell Bowes Allen (0-73573), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of this profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. McKEE (DD-575), in action against enemy aircraft on 14 April 1945, in the vicinity of Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands. While an advanced picket group, of which his ship was a unit, was under heavy air attack by about twenty enemy planes, Commander Allen's courage and skill in combat resulted in his ship's gunfire shooting down and destroying two enemy planes and damaging at least two others which were ultimately destroyed. The two planes which were shot down crashed near enough to his own ship to shower it with debris but without damage or casualties to the vessel. Commander Allen's courage, inspiring leadership and professional skill were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0554 (May 30, 1945)

ALTMANN, RICHARD GUSTAF
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Richard Gustaf Altmann, Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Combat Plane in Composite Squadron THREE (VC-3), embarked from the U.S.S. KALININ BAY (CVE-68), and deployed over Samar in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Battle for Leyte Gulf in the Philippine Islands on 25 October 1944. When his task force was in imminent danger of being destroyed by heavy gunfire from an overwhelming force of hostile warships, Ensign Altmann piloted one of the first planes launched, immediately maneuvering to attack the leading heavy cruiser. In bold defiance of the enemy's devastating antiaircraft fire, he obtained a direct hit amidships causing an explosion. After firing he remaining ammunition, inflicting further damage to the enemy, he landed at an airfield, rearmed and returned to the battle, obtaining direct hits on a ship. He then continued to make repeated attacks, inflicting further damage and diverting antiaircraft fire from other planes that were attacking. Ensign Altmann's outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 343 (October 1945)
Born: August 28, 1923 at Brooklyn, New York
Home Town: Brooklyn, New York

AMMEN, JOHN N., JR.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John N. Ammen, Jr. (0-99935), Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron FIVE (VB-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in an attack on an enemy aircraft carrier during the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 May 1942. This attack, pressed home in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, resulted in sinking of the carrier. Ensign Ammen's gallant conduct greatly contributed to the success of our forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 2050 (May 8, 1942)
Born: June 5, 1915 at Roanoke, Virginia
Home Town: Roanoke, Virginia

*AMUSSEN, JOHN RUSSELL (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to John Russell Amussen (0-251003), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron FOURTEEN (VB-14), embarked from the U.S.S. WASP (CV-18), in action against the enemy Japanese Fleet in the vicinity of the East Philippine Sea on 20 June 1944. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Amussen's attack against an enemy fleet oiler was pressed home to a low altitude with determination and skill in the face of intense and accurate anti-aircraft fire. He scored direct hits with his bombs and contributed heavily to the destruction of the enemy ship. During retirement his excellent airmanship and coolness were instrumental in frustrating enemy fighters which made repeated attacks against his division. While returning to his own forces, his fuel exhausted, he was forced to make a water landing in complete darkness. Both he and his aircrewman escaped injury and were eventually rescued. His courage and skill were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0583 (September 27, 1944)
Born: March 23, 1921 at Washington, D.C.
Home Town: Chevy Chase, Maryland

ANDERSEN, HARVEY M.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Harvey M. Andersen, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty in action during the attack on the Light Cruiser U.S.S. MARBLEHEAD (CL-12), by Japanese enemy bombers on 4 February 1942. Although wounded, Lieutenant Commander Anderson directed fighting of fires, the rescuing of wounded in the forward part of the ship and in maintaining water-tight integrity of the ship. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: August 5, 1901 at Chicago, Illinois
Home Town: Chicago, Illinois

ANDERSON, ALEXANDER LOUIS
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Alexander Louis Anderson (0-121562), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Fighter Plane in Bombing Fighting Squadron EIGHTY (VBF-80), embarked from the U.S.S. HANCOCK (CV-19), in the action against Tokyo airfields on 16 February 1945. Lieutenant Anderson skillfully and courageously led a division of planes on a fighter sweep against enemy air power. During the action, he personally destroyed five enemy aircraft in the air amid heavy anti-aircraft fire. His skill and courage coupled with his leadership and complete disregard of his personal safety were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Air Forces, Pacific: Serial 25349 (December 9, 1945)
Home Town: Millbrook, New York

*ANDERSON, ARTHUR (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Arthur Anderson (3764609), Fireman First Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty in action against the enemy while serving on board the Destroyer U.S.S. REID (DD-369), in remaining at his battle station beyond the point of escape, while the U.S.S. REID was afire and sinking s the result of an enemy air attack on 11 December 1944. Although his ship was mortally hit, listing sixty degrees, and in imminent danger of sinking, Fireman First Class Anderson remained at his machine gun, alone an dup to his waist in water, maintaining an effective fire against the enemy. By such heroic action, he forfeited his opportunity to escape and was carried down with the ship when she sank two minutes after being hit. The gallant courage and utter disregard for personal safety displayed by Fireman First Class Anderson is in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: December 8, 1923 at San Francisco, California
Home Town: San Francisco, California

ANDERSON, EDWARD LEE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Edward Lee Anderson (0-81209), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber and Section Leader in Bombing Squadron SIX (VB-6), embarked from the U.S.S. ENTERPRISE (CV-6), in action against enemy Japanese forces on 4 - 6 June 1942. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Anderson took part in dive- bombing attacks against Japanese naval forces in the Battle of Midway. Defying extreme danger from concentrated anti-aircraft barrage and powerful fighter opposition, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Anderson, with bold determination and courageous zeal, participated in dive-bombing assaults against Japanese naval units. In two instances, flying at a distance from his own forces which rendered return unlikely because of probable fuel exhaustion, he pressed home his attacks with extreme disregard for his own personal safety. His gallant intrepidity and loyal devotion to duty contributed greatly to the success of our forces and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 3013 (July 16, 1942)
Born: September 22, 1914 at Claremont, Virginia
Home Town: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

ANDERSON, RALPH R.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Ralph R. Anderson (0-124734), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot and Leader of a Division of carrier-based Navy Torpedo Planes participating in a coordinated bombing attack against major units of the Japanese Navy in the heavily defended fleet anchorage at Kure, on the Inland Sea of Japan, on 28 July 1945. Despite intense and accurate anti-aircraft fire from ship and shore batteries, Lieutenant Anderson so pressed home his attack that he obtained a direct hit on a heavy cruiser which was destroyed that day as a result of carrier plane attacks. His heroic conduct and skillful airmanship were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 2d Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 01835 (September 17, 1945)

*ANDERSON, ROBERT HAROLD (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Robert Harold Anderson (0-106429), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Bomber in Bombing Fighting Squadron EIGHTY (VBF-80), embarked from the U.S.S. HANCOCK (CV19), while participating in an aerial flight against enemy forces on 14 December 1944, in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. Lieutenant Anderson led a division of planes in an eight-plane formation and when an enemy formation of twenty-seven planes was encountered, he led the attack on the enemy formation despite the numerical odds and during the ensuing engagement shot down five enemy planes and probably shot down another enemy plane. When his wingman was under attack by an enemy plane and while he was almost out of ammunition, he dove on the enemy plane and forced the enemy plane to break off from the attack. His courage and skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 2d Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0909 (January 13, 1945)
Born: September 17, 1918 at Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Home Town: Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin

ANDERSON, WILLIAM HENRY, JR.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to William Henry Anderson, Jr. (0-116656), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane of Torpedo Squadron TWENTY-NINE (VT-29), embarked from the U.S.S. Cabot (CVL-28), in the Philippine Sea on 24 October 1944. Lieutenant Anderson participated in torpedo attacks which severely crippled an enemy Battleship Task Force. The action, in which he was an integral part, successfully accomplished in the face of intense and accurate anti-aircraft barrages, removed a serious threat to our ground forces. His outstanding courage and determination in the face of great danger were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 2d Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0876 (January 11, 1945)
Born: February 22, 1921 at Westerly, Rhode Island
Home Town: Westerly, Rhode Island

ANDERSON, WILLIAM L.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to William L. Anderson, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. THRESHER (SS-200), during the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine from 30 December 1941 to 26 February 1942, and for his participation 1 February 1942 in the attack on the Marshall Islands. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: April 10, 1905 at Sylvania, Georgia
Home Town: Millen, Georgia

ANDERSON, WILLIAM WICKLIFF
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to William Wickliff Anderson (0-101459), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber and Section Leader in Bombing Squadron TWENTY (VB-20), embarked from the U.S.S. ENTERPRISE (CV-6), during action against units of the Japanese Fleet in waters west of the Central Philippine Islands during the Battle for Leyte Gulf on 25 October 1944. Flying as wingman on a search and attack mission when an enemy task force was sighted and his division was assigned an aircraft carrier as a target, Lieutenant Anderson defied the withering barrages of antiaircraft fire to dive low over the hostile warship and release his bombs at perilously low altitude to score direct hits which started fires and contributed materially to the infliction of extensive damage on the Japanese vessel. His superb airmanship, inspiring courage and unwavering devotion to duty reflect the highest credit upon Lieutenant Anderson and the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 1st Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 035 (January 20, 1945)
Born: December 28, 1919 at Hennessey, Oklahoma
Home Town: Porter, Oklahoma
Personal Awards: Navy Cross (WWII), Silver Star (WWII)

ANDREASEN, GRANT G.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Grant G. Andreasen (0-231795), Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Officer in Charge of an LCT Scout Boat during the amphibious assault on the Normandy Coast of France on 6 June 1944. Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Andreasen embarked in one of the first craft to approach the strongly defended Normandy coast and succeeded in the highly important mission of locating the beaches to be assaulted. Despite heavy surf and harassing enemy fire, he went in close to the beach to act as a guide for the approaching wave of DD tanks. While he was in this advanced position he fired the rockets from his craft at target objectives, moved in closer to the beach, and rendered close fire support for the infantry assault waves. In addition to his assigned duties, without regard for his own personal safety and under heavy enemy fire he rescued wounded personnel from burning landing craft and carried them to safety. The outstanding devotion to duty and courage under fire displayed by Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Andreasen were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 334 (January 1945)
Born: April 1, 1916 at Grace, Idaho
Home Town: Homer, Idaho
Personal Awards: Navy Cross (WWII), Silver Star (WWII), Legion of Merit

ANDREWS, CHARLES HERBERT
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Charles Herbert Andrews (0-63312), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. GURNARD (SS-254), on the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine during the period 12 July 1943 to 26 July 1943, in enemy controlled waters of the Palau Islands. By his courage, skill and aggressive action Commander Andrews succeeded in sinking over 15, 000 tons and damaging over 43,000 tons of enemy shipping. Despite unusually strong enemy counter measures, by prompt and skillful evasive action, Commander Andrews succeeded in bringing his ship to port. His conduct during this patrol was an inspiration to the entire submarine service and in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 40

ANDREWS, CHARLES HERBERT
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Charles Herbert Andrews (0-63312), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. GURNARD (SS-254), on the FIFTH War Patrol of that submarine during the period 16 April 1944 to 11 June 1944, in enemy controlled waters of the Celebes Sea. Despite strong enemy countermeasures and unfavorable sea conditions, Commander Andrews took advantage of every opportunity to strike the enemy and in a series of skillfully conducted attacks on strongly escorted formations succeeded in sinking three freighters and one large tanker, and in damaging a battleship and another freighter. His conduct during this patrol was an inspiration to the entire submarine service and in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander, 7th Fleet: Serial 02551 (September 21, 1944
Born: May 14, 1908 at New Haven, Connecticut
Home Town: Hamden, Connecticut
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII), 2@ Silver Stars (WWII)

ANDREWS, THOMAS LOFTIN, JR.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Thomas Loftin Andrews, Jr. (0-98552), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Combat Plane in Composite Squadron FIVE (VC-5), embarked from the U.S.S. KITKUN BAY (CVE-71), in action against a large enemy Japanese fleet off Samar Island, Philippine Islands, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf on 25 October 1944. Under very trying circumstances, after his ship had been under enemy shellfire for several hours, Lieutenant Andrews organized, directed, and pressed home a near-perfect coordinated air attack on a Tone class heavy cruiser in spite of intense anti- aircraft fire. By his courage, skill, and determination in attack, he inspired confidence and courage in his group in their attack on this enemy cruiser. He, along with others, in his flight scored a torpedo hit amidships causing the heavy cruiser to sink a few hours later. His skill and leadership throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Commander, 7th Fleet: Serial 0704 (February 14, 1945)
Born: October 29, 2020 at Amarillo, Texas
Home Town: Amarillo, Texas

ANTRIM, RICHARD NOTT (POW)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Richard Nott Antrim (0-70111), Commander [then Lieutenant], U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of this profession as Executive Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. POPE (DD-225), in combat with the enemy in the Java Sea on 1 March 1942, when his ship engaged an overwhelming number of Japanese surface and aircraft. An experienced destroyer officer, tried in two previous battles, Commander Antrim for a period of over five hours, under intense hostile fire and bombings, coolly, calmly, efficiently, with contempt for danger and with remarkable judgment carried out his vital battle tasks of navigation, fire direction, and damage control with a preciseness that left nothing to be desired, and in such a manner as to be highly instrumental in causing the enemy extensive damage. He was exact and sound in his advising his Commanding Officer regarding maneuvering, target selection, and the use of smoke. Finally, with his ship sinking as a result of enemy bombing, although bruised and shaken and painfully injured by an explosion within the ship, he continued with extraordinary heroism and perseverance in his immediate task of supervising the abandoning of the ship. Courageously exposing himself to low-flying enemy bombers, he directed the men over the side in such a manner that group targets would not be offered the enemy from the air, at the same time supervising the removal of the wounded from the ship and the launching of the one available boat. Later events indicated the soundness of his judgment and showed him to be a prime factor in the ultimate survival of not only the wounded men in the boat but also the entire ship's compliment still alive after the actual sinking. No deaths resulted from repeated enemy strafing attacks o the crew in the water. The boat, directed by Commander Antrim, after his being picked from the water, rounded up three life rafts and one hundred and fifty-one survivors into a controllable group, and for a period of almost three days until their capture by a Japanese destroyer, this boat served to supply personnel in the sea with the necessary minimum life-sustaining requirements of water, food, and rest. There was no loss of life in the water. Commander Antrim's performance of duty in battle contributed immeasurably to the damage inflicted on the Japanese force and to his sound judgment are owed the lives of many who might otherwise have perished. His meritorious performance of duty and heroic conduct were at all times in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: December 17, 1907 at Peru, Indiana
Home Town: Peru, Indiana
Personal Awards: Medal of Honor (WWII), Navy Cross (WWII)

ARBES, JAMES DOUGLAS
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to James Douglas Arbes, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scout Dive Bomber and Squadron Commander of Bombing Squadron EIGHT (VB-8), embarked from the U.S.S. BUNKER HILL (CV-17), during the attack on the Japanese Battle Fleet on 20 June 1944. Lieutenant Commander Arbes, as squadron commander of twelve dive bombers, showed unusual skill and conspicuous courage in directing his squadron in the face of accurate and intense anti-aircraft fire of all calibers, which included heavy fire from the main batteries of the large fleet units. Particularly outstanding was his calmness and courage when ordered to proceed beyond the combat radius of his airplane in order to attack the main Japanese Battle Fleet. As a result of his personal leadership, damaging hits were scored on an aircraft carrier of 15, 000 tons resulting in its probable destruction. He personally scored a direct hit during this attack. In addition, damaging bomb hits were scored on a battleship and a cruiser. Throughout this operation he conducted himself with complete disregard for his personal safety despite damage to his plane from anti-aircraft fire, and directly contributed to the success of the operation. His conduct throughout the operation was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander, Fast Carrier Task Force, Pacific: Serial 0279 (August 3, 1944)
Born: May 31, 1916 at New Ulm, Minnesota
Home Town: New Ulm, Minnesota

ARCHER, ROBERT JOHN
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Robert John Archer, Captain [then Commander], U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of this profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. EVANS (DD-552), in action against enemy Japanese forces while assigned to Radar Picket duty off Okinawa on 11 May 1945. When his ship was subjected to attacks by an overwhelming force of enemy aircraft for one and one-half hours, Captain Archer directed the gunfire of his batteries in shooting down fifteen enemy planes and assisting in the destruction of four others. Although the EVANS was severely damaged by hits from four suicide planes and in a sinking condition, he led his crew in determined efforts to save the ship and bring her safe to port. His professional ability, courage and devotion to duty upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.

ARCHIBERQUE, MAX MARCELLINI
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Max Marcellini Archiberque, Signalman First Class, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty in action against the enemy while serving on board the Heavy Cruiser U.S.S. SAN FRANCISCO (CA-38), in the action against Japanese naval forces in the Solomon Islands area on 12 and 13 November 1942. After an enemy plane had crashed into the after machine gun platform and started a large fire, Signalman First Class Archiberque, with utter disregard for his own personal safety, ably assisted in leading a hose to the top of Turret III, and although this turret was firing, he effectively fought the fire while facing the terrific blast. During the night action while under heavy and accurate enemy fire he gallantly assisted in leading a hose into the starboard hangar door in the face of terrific blast from Turret III, then firing to starboard. Largely as a result of this heroic action the fire inside the hangar was extinguished with minimum damage. Signalman First Class Archiberque's performance of duty was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Area and Forces: Serial 066 (November 6, 1942)
Born: January 1, 1916 at Blanco, New Mexico
Home Town: Dolores, Colorado

ARISON, RAE EMMETT
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Rae Emmett Arison (0-58847), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession while serving as Navigator and Senior Officer in Command of the Heavy Cruiser U.S.S. SAN FRANCISCO (CA-38), which was operating as a unit of a task force which engaged a superior number of Japanese vessels in the Solomon Islands area on the morning of 13 November 1942. When the Captain and Executive Officer were severely wounded, Commander Arison assumed command and fought the ship with great courage and efficiency until he was blown over the side of the navigation bridge by exploding shells. Although severely injured, he attempted to return to his station to continue throughout the engagement. His indomitable spirit and conspicuous gallantry were an inspiration to all aboard and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Forces: Serial 0489 (April 27, 1945)
Born: September 23, 1900 at Niagara Falls, New York
Home Town: Evanston, Illinois

ARMOUR, THOMAS EDWARD
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Thomas Edward Armour, Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane of Torpedo Squadron TWENTY (VT-20), embarked from the U.S.S. ENTERPRISE (CV-6), in action against enemy Japanese forces in the Philippine Islands during the Battle for Leyte Gulf on 25 October 1944. Undaunted by intense enemy antiaircraft fire, Ensign Armour pressed home vigorous attacks upon an enemy battleship to score a direct hit upon the hostile vessel and inflict severe damage. His courage, expert airmanship and unwavering devotion to duty contributed to the success of his squadron in fulfilling this dangerous mission and reflect the highest credit upon himself and the United States Naval Service.
Born: March 3, 1922 at Cleveland, Ohio
Home Town: Garfield Heights, Ohio

ARMSTRONG, HENRY J.
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Henry J. Armstrong, Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. SPENCE (DD-512), during a night surface engagement with a larger Japanese Task Force on the night of 1 - 2 November 1943, at Empress Augusta Bay, off Bougainville, Solomon Islands. During this period the Task Force, of which the U.S.S. SPENCE was a unit, destroyed two Japanese cruisers and three Japanese destroyers and forced the remainder of the Japanese forces to flee, thereby preventing the Japanese Task Force from reaching our transports in the vicinity and materially contributing to the successful establishment of our beachhead on Bougainville Islands. By his fearlessness, calmness and gallant determination on the exposed bridge of his ship Commander Armstrong set an example of conduct under stress of battle that was an inspiration to his men. His relentless fighting spirit and courageous devotion to duty, maintained at great risk in the face of grave danger throughout the three- hour battle was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Forces: Serial 00162 (January 14, 1944)

ARMSTRONG, HENRY J.
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Henry J. Armstrong, Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. SPENCE (DD-512), during a night surface engagement with a Japanese Task Force on the night of 24 -25 November 1943, at Cape St. George during the Battle of Empress August Bay. In this engagement five ships of Destroyer Squadron TWENTY-THREE (Desron 23), of which the U.S.S. SPENCE was a unit, sank four Japanese ships, seriously damaged another and damaged a sixth before she escaped without loss or damage to our own ships. Commander Armstrong fought his ship with gallant determination and remarkable courage and by his cool aggressive spirit in seeking out and fearlessly engaging a powerful foe of the Japanese Force. His remarkable calmness under fire and reckless disregard of his personal safety in pressing home the attack against the enemy was an inspiration to his brave crew and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: June 14, 1903 at Salt Lake City, Utah
Home Town: Santa Ana, California
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII)

ARMSTRONG, ROBERT GORDON
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Robert Gordon Armstrong, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scout Dive Bomber and Flight Leader in Bombing Squadron FIVE (VB-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese forces over enemy-controlled waters near New Guinea on 10 March 1942. Lieutenant Commander Armstrong and his squadron inflicted severe damage on the enemy, with probable destruction of three hostile ships. His outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: April 21, 1904 at Wakefield, Nebraska
Home Town: Coronado, California

*ARNETT, GEORGE JUNIOR (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to George Junior Arnett (8559341), Pharmacist's Mate Third Class, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty in operations against the enemy while serving as a Pharmacist's Mate on board the U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier U.S.S. TICONDEROGA (CV-14), during enemy air attacks on 21 January 1945. Pharmacist's Mate Third Class Arnett made many trips into smoke-filled compartments to rescue men who had been overcome with smoke. This was done with complete disregard for his own personal safety and without benefit of a rescue breathing apparatus. Each man brought by him was revived. On the last trip he himself was overcome and could never be revived. His actions were at all times inspiring and were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service, in that he gave his own life in saving the lives of several of his shipmates.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 03627 (May 4, 1945)
Born: June 27, 1925 at Guage, Kentucky
Home Town: Guage, Kentucky

ARNOLD, JACKSON DOMINICK
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Jackson Dominick Arnold, Commander [then Commander], U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Fighter Plane and Group Commander and Flight Leader in Bombing Fighting Squadron TWO (VBF-2), embarked from the U.S.S. HORNET (CV-12), during action against enemy Japanese forces in the First Battle of the Philippine Sea on 20 June 1944. Participating in a strike against hostile surface units, Admiral Arnold scored a damaging near miss on a carrier and directed his flight in damaging and probably destroying the enemy vessel and in obtaining a torpedo hit on a cruiser. After leading his flight back to base, he assisted several in his group in landing under extremely difficult conditions and in darkness before boarding his carrier. By his skill as an airman and leadership, Admiral Arnold upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: November 3, 1912 at Gainesville, Florida
Home Town: San Antonio, Texas

ARNOLD, JOHN SAMUEL, II
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John Samuel Arnold, II, Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous courage as Commanding Officer of the United States Navy Armed Guard aboard the S.S. ESSO GETTYSBURG, following an attack upon that vessel by an enemy submarine on 10 June 1943. When two torpedoes ripped into the port side of the tanker and set fire to the oil-covered deck, Ensign Arnold, his own clothing ignited by he explosive blast, sustained severe burns about the upper body before he could smother the blaze. Although suffering acute pain and menaced by the spreading inferno which swept across the topsides, he calmly ordered the forward gun manned and, with the stricken ship fast settling beneath him, fired one round of ammunition to deter a possible surfacing of the submarine. The last man to go over the side as the vessel began to capsize, he remained in the water several hours before he was finally picked up by other survivors who had salvaged a charred lifeboat. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Born: August 12, 1911 at Garrison, New Mexico
Home Town: Groveland, Florida

ARNOLD, RALPH JUDD
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Ralph Judd Arnold, Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Supply Officer on board the Aircraft Carrier U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Battle of Midway on 6 June 1942. Commander Arnold contributed greatly to the maintenance of material readiness of that vessel and her air group. In the battle he voluntarily served in the ammunition supply of a 5-inch gun and, during abandonment of the YORKTOWN, demonstrated organizing ability in directing personnel over the side. Later, in his tireless efforts to set up a commissary department for subsisting the salvage crew on board, Commander Arnold inspected lower deck compartments adjacent to those which had been flooded. When the U.S.S. HAMMAN was torpedoed, he made himself personally responsible for rescuing two members of her crew and later worked zealously in transferring wounded from the YORKTOWN to a tug alongside, even volunteering to return to that vessel after the salvage party had abandoned her on 6 June 1942. Commander Arnold's conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 310 (January 1943)
Born: July 6, 1902 at Garden Grove, Iowa
Home Town: Garden Grove, Iowa

ARSENAULT, FREDERICK LAWRENCE
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Frederick Lawrence Arsenault, Shipfitter Second Class, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty as member of a demolition party attached to the U.S.S. BRANT (ARS-32), during the assault on and occupation of French Morocco from 8 to 11 November 1942. Assigned the extremely dangerous task of cutting through an enemy obstruction in order that the U.S.S. DALLAS could navigate up the Sebou River, Shipfitter Second Class Arsenault and his shipmates, on the night of 9 November proceeded with grim determination toward their objective. Despite the treacherous surf, he and his comrades skillfully and courageously accomplished their hazardous mission of cutting the cables at the mouth of the river, just as guns from the French fort opened fire. Countering the enemy's attack until out of range, Shipfitter Second Class Arsenault and the other members of his party, in spite of enormous breakers which battered their boat and washed one of the machine guns overboard, finally brought her back to safety. His throughout this action reflects great credit upon himself, and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: April 13, 1917 at Brewer, Maine
Home Town: Brewer, Maine

ASCHENBACH, JULIUS O.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Julius O. Aschenbach, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession while serving as Officer in Tactical Command of Motor Torpedo Boats ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-EIGHT (PT-138), and ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-THREE (PT-133), in action against the enemy on the night of 13 May 1944. On that date, four Japanese barges were sighted near Dagua, New Guinea, close in against the beach. As his boat prepared to make a run on the barges, the enemy opened up with heavy and accurate fire from the barges off shore, other barges on the beach, and from 20-mm., 37-mm., and 40- mm. shore batteries located behind the barges. Despite this fire, which killed one man and wounded another, and holed the boats in numerous places, he closed his boat to within 150 yards of the barges and 200 yards of the beach. Fire from his boats sank three of the barges. After the run, it appeared that the engines of the following boat had failed, and that it would be left exposed and helpless to enemy fire. Despite an uncontrolled engine room fire, with aggressiveness and daring he started in again toward the batteries that were still threatening his life and the existence of his boat with their accurate fire. He took these batteries under fire, and only when he saw that the other boat was underway, did he withdraw. His skill, calmness, and fearlessness were in inspiration to his men. The exceptional bravery, aggressive leadership, and outstanding devotion to duty displayed by Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Aschenbach were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: June 21, 1916 at Orange, New Jersey
Home Town: Washington, New Jersey

ASHLEY, JAMES HENRY, JR.
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to James Henry Ashley, Jr. (0-73627), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. SEADRAGON (SS-194), on the Eleventh War Patrol of that submarine during the period 23 September 1944 to 7 November, in enemy controlled waters off Formosa, in the South China Sea. Through his daring, outstanding aggressiveness and tenacity, Commander Ashley launched well-planned and smartly executed attacks which resulted in the sinking of enemy ships totaling more than 12,000 tons, and in damaging enemy combatant vessels totaling over 27,500 tons. Through his experience and sound judgment Commander Ashley brought his ship safely back to port. His conduct throughout was an inspiration to his officers and men and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 01169 (February 9, 1945)=

ASHLEY, JAMES HENRY, JR.
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to James Henry Ashley, Jr. (0-73627), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. ASPRO (SS-309), on the SEVENTH War Patrol of that submarine during the period 25 June 1945 to 13 August 1945, in enemy controlled waters. On 3 August 1945, disregarding the great dangers involved, Commander Ashley, with daring and heroic actions, took his submarine deep into hazardous waters in a gallant attempt to rescue a downed aviator. His submarine was attacked repeatedly by Japanese fighter planes and on two occasions barely missed destruction by bombs. After several persistent attempts, during which this submarine assisted in shooting down a Japanese plane, the rescue was effected. In addition, a 500-ton enemy vessel was sunk in a smartly executed torpedo attack and an additional downed aviator was rescued. Only the cool and skillful actions of Commander Ashley enabled him to avoid destruction and bring his ship back to port safely. His conduct throughout was an inspiration to the officers and men in his ship, and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Submarine Forces, Pacific: Serial 02475 (October 10, 1945)
Born: March 3, 1911 at Manchester, Tennessee
Home Town: Melbourne, Florida
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII)

ATKESON, JOHN CONNER
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John Conner Atkeson, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. BAILEY (DD-492), in action on 26 March 1943, in the Aleutian Islands, Territory of Alaska. As Commanding Officer of the flagship of a destroyer squadron, Lieutenant Commander Atkeson maneuvered his ship within less than 10,000 yards of a vastly stronger enemy force and drew most of the hostile fire away from a heavy cruiser of our task group. At close range he launched a torpedo attack and scored one hit on a Japanese cruiser. Lieutenant Commander Atkeson's conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 319 (October 1943)
Born: September 11, 1905 at Columbia, Alabama
Home Town: Columbia, Alabama

ATKINS, BARRY KENNEDY
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Barry Kennedy Atkins, Commander [then Lieutenant], U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Executive Officer of the Destroyer U.S.S. MELVIN (DD-680), in action against enemy Japanese forces at Surigao Strait during the Battle for Leyte Gulf in the Philippine Islands on the night of 24 - 25 October 1944. Although illuminated and subjected to enemy fire, Commander Atkins brought his ship to within short range of heavy enemy vessels, launched a daring torpedo attack, which inflicted severe damage on the enemy, and retired without loss or injury. This successful attack contributed in large measure to eliminating an imminent and dangerous threat to our transports and other ships in Leyte Gulf. Commander Atkins' high professional skill, forceful leadership, and gallant devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 3d Amphibious Force: Serial 00394 (December 26, 1944)
Born: August 2, 1911 at Annapolis, Maryland
Home Town: Old Lyme, Connecticut

ATWELL, MELVIN KENNETH (MIA-KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Melvin Kenneth Atwell (0-148987), Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Commander of a Navy Patrol Plane in Patrol Squadron NINETY-ONE (VP-91), in action in the Solomon Islands on 27 October 1942. At about 0030, PBY airplane 91-P-4, Piloted by Lieutenant Atwell, contacted a suspicious object about 30 miles distance. He closed to a point where the dark outline of a large ship could be seen moving in an easterly direction at a high speed. Shortly after contact the ship moved under a 1,500 foot overcast and stopped. Lieutenant Atwell circled over the ship twice at low altitude in an unsuccessful attempt to identify it. He then climbed back to 1,500 feet and at 0150 when about two miles from the ship the plane was fired upon by two bursts of 20-mm. followed by a 5" AA projectile which burst under its starboard wing. Lieutenant Atwell decided upon a dive bombing attack and attacked immediately from about 1,400 feet as the ship opened up with heavy anti-aircraft fire and commenced to gain headway. The Co-Pilot, Lieutenant Mather, dropped the two starboard 500-pound contact bombs at about 650 feet altitude. These bombs landed about 75 feet on the target's starboard quarters. The Pilot released the two port bombs of the same type at about 600 feet altitude while still in a dive. Both bombs were seen to explode abaft the first stack of the target which was illuminated by the explosion and identified as a Japanese heavy cruiser of the AOBA class. All anti-aircraft fire ceased after the last two bombs hit. The plane suffered numerous but not serious hits from shrapnel and the concussion from the bombs exploding blew out radio tubes and lights. Recovery from the dive was affected at about 20 feet above the sea. No personnel were injured. The pilot suspected gasoline leaks and immediately headed for his base. About 20 minutes later a large orange flash was seen in the vicinity of his former target. About ten minutes later a larger and more prolonged orange flash was seen in the same position. The plane and crew returned safely. Lieutenant Atwell's outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty in single-handedly attacking an enemy ship in open waters were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Forces: Serial 020 (January 7, 1943
Born: July 17, 1909 at Norfolk, Virginia
Home Town: Norfolk, Virginia

*AULT, WILLIAM BOWEN (MIA-KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to William Bowen Ault (0-57445), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier- based Navy Combat Plane and Group commander of a Navy Air Group embarked from the U.S.S. LEXINGTON (CV-2), in action against enemy Japanese forces during the Air Battle of the Coral Sea, on 7 and 8 May 1942. Commander Ault led the air attack, carried out in the face of severe antiaircraft barrage and heavy fighter opposition, which resulted in the complete destruction of one enemy carrier on 7 May and major damage to another on 8 May. His failure to return from the latter encounter and his courageous conduct throughout the duration of these actions were an inspiration to the entire air group. Commander Ault's outstanding courage, daring airmanship and devotion to duty were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 13 (June 16, 1942)
Born: October 6, 1898 at Enterprise, Oregon
Home Town: Norfolk, Virginia

AURAND, EVAN P.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Evan P. Aurand, Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scouting Plane in Scouting Squadron TWO (VS-2), embarked from the U.S.S. LEXINGTON (CV-2), in action against enemy Japanese forces over enemy-controlled waters near Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea, on 10 March 1942. Lieutenant Aurand pressed home, in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, a vigorous and determined dive bombing attack on enemy ships, sinking three of them. His outstanding courage, daring airmanship and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Born: June 10, 1917 at New York, New York
Home Town: Washington, D.C.

AUSTIN, BERNARD LIGE
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Bernard Lige Austin (0-58722), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commander, Destroyer Division FORTY-SIX (DesDiv 46), during a night surface engagement with a large Japanese Task Force on the night of 1 - 2 November 1943. During this period the Task Force, of which Destroyer Division 46 was a unit, destroyed two Japanese cruisers and three Japanese destroyers and forced the remainder of the Japanese forces to flee ignominiously towards their bases under hot pursuit by our forces, thereby preventing the Japanese Task Force from reaching our transports in the vicinity and materially contributing to the successful establishment of our beachhead on Bougainville Island. By his fearlessness, calmness and gallant determination to duty, maintained at great risk in the face of grave danger throughout the three- hour battle was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Southern Pacific Forces: Serial 00162 (January 14, 1944)

AUSTIN, BERNARD LIGE
(Second Award)
Synopsis:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to Bernard Lige Austin (0-58722), Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commander, Destroyer Division FORTY-SIX, during an engagement with Japanese naval forces at Cape St. George during the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, on 24 and 25 November 1943. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the Navy of the United States.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 336 (March 1945)
Born: December 15, 1902 at Wagener, South Carolina
Home Town: Rock Hill, South Carolina
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII)

*AUSTIN, JOHN ARNOLD (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to John Arnold Austin (00075565), Chief Carpenter, U.S. Navy, for exceptional courage, presence of mind, and devotion to duty and disregard for his personal safety while serving on board the Battleship U.S.S. OKLAHOMA (BB-37), during the Japanese attack on the United States Pacific Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, on 7 December 1941. When the U.S.S. OKLAHOMA capsized, Chief Carpenter Austin and a number of the crew were entrapped in one of the ship's compartments. By his efforts, a porthole which was under water was located and he assisted fifteen of the crew to escape. The conduct of Chief Carpenter Austin throughout this action reflects great credit upon himself, and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 325 (April 1944)
Born: August 30, 1905 at Warrior, Alabama
Home Town: Long Beach, California

AUSTIN, MARSHALL H.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Marshall H. Austin, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. REDFIN (SS-272), on the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine during the period 19 March 1944 to 2 May 1944, in enemy controlled waters. Lieutenant Commander Austin courageously and skillfully maneuvered his vessel into position from which to strike the enemy and aggressively attacked in the face of persistent enemy counter measures, sinking one enemy destroyer of 1,500 tons, and sinking four enemy merchant ships totaling 28,690 tons. He handled his ship expertly to avoid damage from enemy countermeasures and brought her safely to port without damage to ship or injury to crew. His conduct throughout was an inspiration to his officers and men and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, 7th Fleet: Serial 01902 (July 16, 1944)
Born: June 14, 1911 at Eldorado, Oklahoma
Home Town: Altus, Oklahoma

*AUSTIN, WALTON A. (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to Walton A. Austin, Ensign, U.S. Navy (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Scouting Plane in Scouting Squadron FIVE (VS-5), embarked from the U.S.S. YORKTOWN (CV-5), in action against enemy Japanese forces at Tulagi Harbor on 4 May 1942, and in the Battle of the Coral Sea on 7 and 8 May 1942. These attacks, vigorously and persistently pressed home in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, and on 8 May opposed also by enemy fighters, resulted in the sinking or damaging of at least eight enemy Japanese vessels at Tulagi and the sinking of one carrier and the sinking or severe damaging of another in the Coral Sea. Ensign Austin's outstanding courage and determined skill were at all times inspiring and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
Born: May 19, 1913 at Stevenson, Alabama
Home Town: Sweetwater, Tennessee

AVERY, HOWARD MALCOLM
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Howard Malcolm Avery, Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Torpedo Plane and Officer in Tactical Command in Composite Squadron NINE (VC-9), embarked from the U.S.S. CARD (CV-9), in offensive action against an enemy submarine which was destroyed in the South Atlantic on 15 June 1944. Lieutenant Commander Avery was on an antisubmarine flight in search for possible squadron survivors in the area of a known enemy submarine, when the vessel, fully surfaced, was sighted a few minutes before sunset. Lieutenant Commander Avery immediately made a contact report, circled the submarine and maintained contact despite anti-aircraft gun fire. He coolly analyzed the situation and realized that a single plane would have little chance of sinking the hostile vessel. He kept the enemy occupied until assistance arrived. He then calmly directed the attack on the enemy submarine which resulted in its destruction. During the action Lieutenant Commander Avery, with great skill and courage, personally made two strafing runs against the enemy in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire. The aggressiveness, determination, coolness, courage, and leadership shown by Lieutenant Commander Avery in attacking and coordinating the well-planned action with the supporting aircraft are all in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Navy.
Bureau of Naval Personnel Information Bulletin No. 345 (December 1945)
Born: September 15, 1908 at Kings Ferry, New York
Home Town: Grossmont, California

*AVERY, JOHN ELTON (KIA)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross (Posthumously) to John Elton Avery (0-315131), Ensign, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in operations against the enemy while serving as Pilot of a carrier-based Navy Dive Bomber in Bombing Squadron FIFTEEN (VB-15), embarked from the U.S.S. ESSEX (CV-9), in action against enemy Japanese surface forces over the Sibuyan Sea during the Battle for Leyte Gulf in the Philippine Islands on 25 October 1944. Fearlessly pressing home his attack to low altitude in the face of accurate and intense antiaircraft fire from the formidable enemy disposition, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Avery succeeded in scoring one of eight direct hits upon a Japanese aircraft carrier of CHITOSE class. Undaunted in the face of relentless, devastating antiaircraft fire, he rendered gallant service during the bitterly fought engagement in which all carriers, a light cruiser and a destroyer of the enemy's task force were sunk and heavy bomb and torpedo damage inflicted on battleships and other important naval units. By his daring airmanship, exceptional courage and steadfast devotion to duty through a perilous assignment, Lieutenant, Junior Grade, Avery contributed materially to the sinking of this valuable enemy fighting unit and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Home Town: Kingston, Pennsylvania

AYLWARD, THEODORE C.
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Theodore C. Aylward (0-60302), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. SEARAVEN (SS-196), during the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine in enemy-controlled waters. On 3 February 1942, Lieutenant Commander Aylward made a successful night attack on a destroyer of the HIBIKI class patrolling Molucca Straight resulting in two hits, the first seen and the second explosion heard as he maneuvered to avoid counter-attack by another in the near vicinity. The destroyer was observed with bows awash and a few minutes later had disappeared. Continuous observation of the sinking being interrupted by necessary action to avoid counter-attacks. Through his experience and sound judgment Lieutenant Commander Aylward brought his ship safely back to port. His conduct throughout was an inspiration to his officers and men and in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.
Commander, Submarine Forces, Asiatic Fleet: Serial 29 (March 14, 1942)
Born: February 14, 1903 at Cincinnati, Ohio
Home Town: Cincinnati, Ohio

AZER, JOHN B.
(First Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to John B. Azer (0-63357), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. WHALE (SS-239), during the FIRST War Patrol of that submarine in enemy-controlled waters. Lieutenant Commander Azer conducted an aggressive and successful war patrol in the Sea of Japan from 9 October 1942 to 10 November 1942. He distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in connection with planting a mine field in enemy coastal waters and military operations against armed enemy forces and by his skill, courage, aggressiveness and determination, succeeded in sinking one freighter of 9,500 tons and damaging a total of 18,139 tons. Despite the efforts of enemy anti-submarine vessels during a four-hour severe depth charge attack, he handled his ship in such a skillful and capable manner as to bring it through with only minor damage, and without loss or injury to personnel. His courage and skill were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 27 (December 21, 1942)

AZER, JOHN B.
(Second Award)
Citation:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Award of the Navy Cross to John B. Azer (63357), Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy, for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service in the line of his profession as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. WHALE (SS-239), during the SECOND War Patrol of that submarine in the patrolled enemy waters near Truk from 3 January 1943 to 2 February 1943. Lieutenant Commander Azer courageously and skillfully conducted attacks against the enemy which resulted in the destruction of two transports totaling 19,315 tons and damaging a tanker of 7,500 tons and a freighter of 5,600 tons. Despite enemy counter efforts Lieutenant Commander Azer brought his ship through without damage to material or injury to personnel. His aggressiveness, courage and skill were in keeping with the highest traditions of the Naval Service.
Commander In Chief, Pacific Fleet: Serial 32 (March 20, 1943)
Born: November 24, 1906 at Elgin, Illinois
Home Town: West Chicago, Illinois
Personal Awards: 2@ Navy Crosses (WWII)